ME209

Dynamics

Credits:

  

 

3L-0T-0P-0A (9 Credits)
 

Objectives


This course prepares the student to tackle problems dealing with the kinematics and dynamics of interconnected rigid bodies in engineering applications.

Course content


Coordinate systems, vectors and tensors; Dynamics of a system of particles; 3D rotations, Euler angles, and 3D angular velocity; Kinematics of rigid bodies; Constrained rigid body kinematics:types of joints, friction, rolling; Kinetics of rigid bodies; General 3D rigid body dynamics, including the gyroscope; Advanced examples including numerical solution of initial value problems; Steady mass flow and variable mass problems; Lagrange’s equations for a finite-dimensional non-conservative mechanical system.

Total number of lectures: 40

Lecturewise breakup


1. Mathematical preliminaries: 3 Lectures

  • Introduction to coordinate system, Vectors, Tensors

2. Dynamics of system of particles: 2 Lectures

3. Rotation and coordinate transformation; Euler angles; Concept of angular velocity: 4 Lectures

4. Kinematics of rigid bodies, including kinematic analysis in a rotating frame: 3 Lectures

5. Rigid body kinematics constrained by contact: 5 Lectures

  • Types of joints, Friction, Rolling; Examples

6. Kinetics of rigid bodies: 2 Lectures

  • Linear momentum balance, Angular momentum balance, Energy balance, Moment of inertia tensor

7. Examples of general three- and two- dimensional rigid body motion: 6 Lectures

8. Impacts: 2 Lectures

9. Gyroscope and other advanced examples: 4 Lectures

10. Numerical solution of initial value problems: 3 Lectures

11. Steady mass flow and variable mass problems: 3 Lectures

12. Lagrange’s equations for a general finite dimensional non-conservative mechanical system: 3 Lectures

Recommended books

  1. Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics by J.L. Meriam and L.G. Kraige

  2. Engineering Mechanics - Dynamics by R.C. Hibbeler

  3. Principles of Dynamics by D.T. Greenwood

  4. Principles of Engineering Mechanics vol. 1 and 2 by M.F. Beatty

  5. Engineering Dynamics by J. Ginsberg

  6. Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies by A.V. Rao

  7. Intermediate Dynamics by A. Chatterjee (https://home.iitk.ac.in/~anindya/bk123.pdf)

Proposing instructors: Anindya Chatterjee, Pankaj Wahi, Ishan Sharma
 

ME252

Theory of Mechanisms and Machines

Credits:

  

 

3L-0T-0P-0A (9 Credits)
 

Objectives


This is a compulsory course in the fourth semester of the UG programme in mechanical engineering.It is intended to give the students a fundamental understanding of the theory of mechanisms and machines, and acquaint them with the broad graphical, analytical and computational techniques to analyze and design them.In the process, it expects to develop in them a firm understanding of the kinematics and dynamics and mechanical systems.

Course content


Kinematics and dynamics of mechanisms and machines, analysis and synthesis through graphical and analytical methods.

Total number of lectures: 40

Lecturewise breakup


1. Basic Terms and Concepts: 3-4 Lectures

  • Kinematic links and pairs, their types, Kinematic chains, Mechanisms and their kinds, Kinematic diagrams, Form closure and force closure, Instantaneous linkage equivalence of higher pairs, Kinematic inversions

2. Freedom and Mobility: 3-4 Lectures

  • Degrees of freedom of planar mechanisms, Kutzbach’s formula, Gruebler’s criterion, Number synthesis, Ranges of motion of planar 4-bar mechanisms, Grashof’s criterion

3. Kinematic Analysis: 8-9 Lectures

  • Position, velocity and acceleration analysis by graphical methods and using loop closure equations

4. Dimensional Synthesis of Mechanisms: 4-5 Lectures

  • Different kinds of mechanism synthesis problems, Chebyshev accuracy points, Graphical, analytical and computational method

5. Machine Dynamics: 4-5 Lectures

  • Dynamic force and motion analysis, with special reference to 4-bar linkages and slider-crank mechanisms, Turning moment diagrams and flywheels

6. Balancing: 4-5 Lectures

  • Static and dynamic balance, balancing of rotors, Two-plane balancing, Field balancing of thin discs and rotors, Balancing of IC engines and linkages

7. Cam Mechanisms: 3-4 Lectures

  • Cams and followers, Kinds of cam-follower geometry, Basic terms of cam mechanisms, Common follower motions, Design of cam mechanisms, Cam profile synthesis

8. Geared Mechanisms: 3-4 Lectures

  • Basic terms and definitions, Speed ratio, Law of gearing, Conjugate action and conjugate profiles, Involute profiles, Gear design, Different pairings of mating gears, Gear trains, Motion and torque transmission through gear trains

9. Basic Introduction to Spatial Mechanisms: 3-4 Lectures

  • Degrees of freedom of spatial mechanisms, Spherical and planar mechanisms as special cases, Position representation through homogeneous transformations, Basic idea of velocity relationships, Spatial mechanisms in robots

Recommended books

    1. Theory of Mechanisms and Machines” by A. Ghosh and A.K. Mallik

    2. Kinematics, Dynamics and Design of Machinery” by K.J. Waldron and G.L. Kinzel

Proposing instructors: P. Wahi, I. Sharma, A. Chatterjee, B. Dasgupta
 

ME688A

Compressibility and High-Speed Flow

Credits:

  

 

3L-0T-0P-0A (9 Credits)
 

Pre-requisite: Thermodynamics and Fluid mechanics

Objectives


The emphasis will be on physical understanding of compressible flows, shock waves dynamics, compressible turbulence, and analytical techniques.

Course content


The fundamental of compressible flow, conservation laws, steady and unsteady inviscid subsonic and supersonic flows, method of characteristics, small-perturbation theories, linearized velocity potential flow, shock waves dynamics and wave structure, Prandtl-Meyer function, Reflected and intersecting shocks, self-similar compressible flows, compressible flows in ducts with area changes, friction and heat addition, compressible boundary layer, viscous and compressibility effects, shock wave-boundary layer interactions, turbulent flows, numerical techniques, transonic and hypersonic flows, high-temperature flow.

Total number of lectures: 43

Lecturewise breakup


1. Review of fundamentals;Fluid mechanics and thermodynamics: 3 Lectures

  • Definition of compressible flow, Conservation laws

  • Review of thermodynamics and entropy

  • Mach angle, subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic flows

2. Review of steady and unsteady one-dimensional gas dynamics : 6 Lectures

  • Isentropic flow, flow with heat addition, flow with friction

  • Normal shock waves, Rankine-Hugoniot relations

  • Moving normal shock

  • Characteristic equations and Numerical methods

3. Two-dimensional gas dynamics: 5 Lectures

  • Oblique shocks, shock polar

  • Reflected and intersecting shocks, Prandtl-Meyer expansion waves

  • Curved shocks

  • Nozzle and diffuser design

  • Reflection of waves from the free boundary

4. Linearized potential flow: 5 Lectures

  • Small-perturbation theories

  • Linearized velocity potential flow: Subsonic and supersonic flow

  • Thin airfoil and slender body

  • Numerical methodss

5. Compressible boundary layers: 6 Lectures

  • Governing equations for compressible flow

  • Compressible boundary layer

  • Viscous and compressibility effect

  • Similarity solution

  • Results of Cohen and Reshotko, Recovery factor

  • Shock wave-boundary layer interactions

6. Compressible turbulent flows: 5 Lectures

  • Mass-averaged Navier-Stokes Equationsw

  • Eddy-viscosity concept, Reynolds stresses, and heat flux tensor

  • Effect of compressibility and higher-order correlations

  • Difficulties in turbulent flow modeling because of temperature fluctuations

  • Experiments: Pressure probe, hotwire, and optical techniques

7. CFD: Time-marching technique for compressible flow: 5 Lectures

  • Introduction to the time-marching solution

  • The blunt body problem

  • Nozzle/diffuser flows

8. Hypersonic flow: 4 Lectures

  • Introduction

  • Hypersonic shock wave relation

  • Hypersonic small-disturbance equations

  • Hypersonic similarity

  • CFD applied to hypersonic flow

9. High-temperature flow (an additional topic to be covered if time permits): 4 Lectures

  • Thermodynamics and chemical reaction

  • Nonequilibrium Flows

  • Plasma formation, ionization and vibrational excitation

  • Nonequilibrium shock wave and nozzle flow

    Recommended books


    Textbooks

      1. Modern Compressible Flow, 3rd edition, by John Anderson, Mc Graw Hill Publication (2003).

    Reference books

          1. Introduction to Compressible Fluid Flow, Second Edition, by Patrick H Oosthuizen and William E. Carscallen, CRC Press (2013).

          2. Compressible Fluid Dynamics, by P. A. Thompson, McGraw-Hill,New York, 1972.

          3. Elements of Gas Dynamics, By H. W., Liepmann, and A. Roshko, Dover Publications, Mineola, NY: 2001. Originally from Wiley, 1957.

          4. Viscous Fluid Flow, 2nd ed, by F. M. White, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991.

          5. Compressible Fluid Flow, 2nd ed. by M. A. Saad, Prentice-Hall, 1993.

          6. Introduction to Physical Gas Dynamics, by W. G. Vincenti, and C. H. Kruger, Krieger, Melbourne, 1975.

    Proposing instructors: Dr. Subrata Sarkar
 

ME261

Primary Manufacturing Processes

Credits:

  

 

2L-0T-1P-0A (7 Credits)
 

Objectives


The main objective of this course is to acquaint students with various manufacturing processes such as casting, joining, bulk deformation and additive manufacturing. The course includes design aspects, mechanistic analysis and defects associated with these processes.

Course content


Introduction to primary manufacturing processes and properties of materials; Casting and solidification of alloys: Mechanism; Analysis of cooling curve; Runner and gating system design; Riser design; Joining processes: Fusion welding mechanism; Heat flow and material transfer 12 mechanism; Microstructure formation; Welding defects and inspection; Bulk deformation processes: Brief review of plastic deformation and yield criteria; Mechanistic analysis of Forging, Rolling, Drawing and Forming processes including defects; Additive manufacturing processes: Mechanistic analysis of polymers, metals and ceramics based additive manufacturing processes.

Total number of lectures: 26

Lecturewise breakup


1. Introduction and Manufacturing Properties of Materials : 1-2 Lectures

2. Casting : 6-8 Lectures

  • Overview of casting and solidification of alloys and its mechanism; Estimation of solidification time, analysis of cooling curve; Runner and gating system design; Riser design; Defects and their causes; Industrial casting processes; Crystal growth

3. Joining: 4-5 Lectures

  • Overview of joining process; Fusion welding mechanism; Heat flow and material transfer mechanism; Analysis of cooling curve; Microstructure formation; Welding defects and inspection; Industrial joining processes

4. Bulk Deformation: 7-8 Lectures

  • Overview of bulk deformation process; Brief review of plastic deformation and yield criteria; Mechanistic analysis of Forging, Rolling, Drawing and Forming processes including defects

5. Additive Manufacturing: 4-5 Lectures

  • Overview of additive manufacturing process; Mechanistic analysis of polymers, metals and ceramics based additive manufacturing processes

Recommended books

    1. Ghosh, A. Mallik, A.K. Manufacturing Science (2nd edition), EastWest Press

    2. Groover, M.P. Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing (2nd edition), John Wiley

    3. Kalpakjian, S. Schmid, S.C. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, Pearson Education

    4. Loper, C.R. Rosenthal, P.C. Heine, R.W., Principles of Metal Casting, McGraw Hill

    5. Little, R. Welding and Welding Technology, McGraw Hill

    6. Dieter, G.E. Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw Hill

    7. Gibson, I. Rosen, D.W. Stucker, B. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing, Springer

Proposing instructors: Dr. V. Kumar, Dr. S. Mishra, Dr. K. Ramani, Dr. U. Roy, Dr. S. Mukhopadhyay, Dr. M. Law, Dr. A. Kumar, Dr. N. Sinha, Dr. S. Bhattacharya