Course Content:

Introduction: Refrigeration and air-conditioning, definitions, Psychrometry, sensible/ latent cooling loads, apparatus, dew point, complete psychrometric analysis, building heat load calculation, infiltration and moisture transport, winter air conditioning, part load operations and control; Refrigeration cycles, multi-staging and cascading, aircraft refrigeration and air conditioning, design of cooling coil, heat pump, solar refrigeration system; Supporting material: Boiling heat transfer, forced convection boiling, film condensation, condensation on radial systems, Overall heat transfer coefficient, LMTD and NTU methods, cooling tower; Special topics/case studies: such as Solar thermal dynamics, energy efficient buildings, automobile air-conditioning, space thermal management, mini-microscale refrigeration systems, CO2 based systems, VRF and VFD systems, etc.

Lecturewise Breakup

I. Psychrometry and Air conditioning (16 lectures):

• Psychrometry, sensible and latent cooling load, Apparatus Dew point, complete psychrometric analysis, building heat load calculation, infiltration and moisture transport, winter air conditioning, part load operations and control.

II Refrigeration Systems (10 Lectures):

• Refrigeration cycles, multi-staging and cascading, aircraft refrigeration and air conditioning, design of cooling coil, heat pump, solar refrigeration system

III. Phase-Change Heat Transfer (4 lectures):

• Boiling heat transfer, forced convection boiling, film condensation, condensation on radial systems.

IV. Heat Exchanger Design (4 lectures):

• Overall heat transfer coefficient, LMTD and NTU methods, cooling tower

V. Special topics/ case studies (6 lectures):

• Solar thermal dynamics

• Air conditioning system design varieties, energy efficient buildings.

• Automobile heat load calculation.

• Small scale refrigeration systems.

• Space Thermal Management.

• VRF/VFD systems.

References:

1. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, C. P. Arora, 3rd Edition,Tata Mc Graw Hill.

Course Content:

The equations of motion in rotating coordinate system, effect of Coriolis and Centrifugal forces, energy equation; classification of turbomachines; two-dimensional cascade theory; fundamentals, two-dimensional analysis, angular momentum & energy transfer, h-s diagram, degree of reaction, effect of Mach number, performance and efficiency; three-dimensional flow in axial turbomachines, radial equilibrium, secondary flow, tip clearance and loss estimation; radial and mixed flow machines; multistage axial compressors and turbines; prediction of stage performance and effect of stacking; rotating stall and surge; turbine blade heat load and blade cooling; application of CFD in analysis and design of turbomachinery; discussion on experimental methods to measure flow and thermal fields in turbomachines.

Lecturewise Breakup (Based on 40 lecture)

I. Introduction:

• Classification of impellers: axial flow, radial flow and mixed flow machines, the equations of motion in rotating frame of reference, effect of Coriolis and Centrifugal forces, momentum and energy equation, Euler equation, similarity rules and Cordier diagram.

II. Aerofoil Theory:

• Fundamentals, isolated aerofoil, generation of lift, cascade of aerofoil, Kutta-Joukowsky relation, conformal transformation.

III. Cascade Analysis:

• Two-dimensional cascade theory, lift and drag, blade efficiency, estimation of loss, cascade nomenclature, compressor and turbine cascade.

IV. Axial Flow Machine:

• Two-dimensional pitch line design and analysis, h-s diagram, degree of reaction, effect of Mach number, performance and efficiency, three-dimensional flow in axial turbomachines, radial equilibrium, secondary flow, tip clearance and loss

V. Radial and Mixed Flow Machine:

• Analysis and design, effect of circulation and Coriolis forces, reversal eddies and slip factor.

VI. Multistage Machine:

• Analysis of multistage axial compressors and turbines, prediction of stage performance and effect of stacking; rotating stall and surge, turbine blade heat load and blade cooling.

VII. Experiments and CFD:

• Discussion on experimental methods to measure flow and thermal fields in turbomachines, applications of CFD in analysis and design of turbomachinery.

References:

1. Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Turbomachinery, by Budugur Lakshminarayana;ISBN: 978-0-471-85546-0; Wiley Publication

Course Content:

The purpose of the course is to expose the students to the basic elements of continuum mechanics in a sufficiently rigorous manner. After attending this course, the students should be able to appreciate a wide variety of advanced courses in solid and fluid mechanics

Lecturewise Breakup (based on 50min per lecture)(total lecture 40)

I. Introduction: (1 Lectures)

II. Mathematical Preliminaries: (6 Lectures)

• Vector and tensor calculus.

• Tensor analysis, derivatives of functions with respect to tensors

• Fields, div, grad, curl

• Divergence theorem, transport theorem

III. Kinematics: (6 Lectures)

• Configurations of a body, displacement, velocity, motion

• Deformation gradient, rotation, stretch, strain, strain rate, spin tensor

• Assumption of small deformation and small strain

IV. Balance laws: (6 Lectures)

• Balances of mass, linear momentum and angular momentum

• Contact forces and the concept of stress.

• Balance of energy and Clausius-Duhem inequalit.

V. Constitutive relation: (12 Lectures)

• Frame indifference.

• Material symmetry

• Kinematic constraints (incompressibility, etc.)

• Thermodynamical restrictions.

VI. Viscous fluid: (4 Lectures)

• constitutive relations, non-Newtonian fluid, boundary value problem.

VII. Finite elasticit: (5 Lectures)

• Hyperelasticity, isotropy, simple constitutive relations, boundary value problem

References:

1. Continuum Mechanics, A. J. M. Spencer

2. Continuum Mechanics, P. Chadwick

3. An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics, M. E. Gurtin

4. ntroduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous Medium, L. E. Malvern

5. Continuum Mechanics, C. S. Jog