ME690A

ALTERNATE FUELS AND ADVANCES IN IC ENGINES

Credits:

  

 

3-0-0-9
 

Course Summary:


Combustion and Fuels: Combustion process in SI and CI engines, Petroleum based liquid fuels and refining; Liquid alternative fuels such as vegetable oils, biodiesel, and emulsified fuels, lubricating oils composition and effect of alternate fuels; Gaseous alternative fuels such as hydrogen, compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, dimethyl ether, and hythane; Modern developments in IC Engines such as EGR, MPFI, GDI, HCCI and Turbo-charging; Optical measurement techniques and tools: Particle image velocimetry, 3D and Holographic PIV, spray visualization, phase doppler interferometry for spray characterization, Optical engines and engine endoscopy; Pollution monitoring instruments and techniques, Control measures such as DOC, DPF, SCR and LNT.

Lecture wise Breakup


S. No.

Topic/s

1.  

Course contents, Renewable energy sources, pollutants (regulated and unregulated emissions), effect on human health, Alternative fuel for transportation sector.

2.  

Introduction to fuel properties, calculation of air- fuel ratio.

3.  

Petroleum refining processes.

4.  

Important qualities of SI and CI engine fuels.

5.  

Combustion in SI engines, Different phases of combustion.

6.  

Thermodynamic analysis of SI engine combustion, combustion efficiency and various losses.

7.  

Abnormal combustion in SI engines, Fuel factors responsible for knocking.

8.  

Combustion in CI engines.

9.  

Design of engine combustion chamber for IDI and DI engines.

10.  

Characteristics of common diesel combustion systems.

11.  

Ignition delay, chemical delay, factors affecting delay period.

12.  

Swirl, Combustion DI engine and heat release analysis, comparison of DI and IDI engine combustion chambers.

13.  

Alternative fuels: environmental implication of using fossil fuels, alternative fuel factors.

14.  

Introduction to biofuels, Chemistry of vegetable oils, Advantages/ Disadvantages of vegetable oils as fuels, Transesterification for biodiesel production.

15.  

Performance and emission test of biodiesel, emulsified fuels.

16.  

Functions of lubricating oil, Types of lubrication, Formulation of lubricating oils, Additives.

17.  

Lubricating oil tribology for alternative fuelled engines, Maintenance philosophies.

18.  

FTIR working principle and evaluation procedure, Causes of additive depletion, test for fuel dilution, wear measurement.

19.  

CNG, Advantages/ Disadvantages, Properties, Various CNG induction techniques.

20.  

CNG performance, emissions, maintenance, LNG, unregulated emissions, Storage systems, leak detection systems and safety instrumentation.

21.  

Hydrogen fuelled vehicles, Hydrogen generation processes.

22.  

Combustion properties & design of Hydrogen engines based on induction methods.

23.  

LPG, Di-methyl ether, Hythane.

24.  

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), Classification of EGR systems, EGR ratio, Internal and external EGR systems.

25.  

HCCI, Comparison with SI & CI, Combustion in HCCI, Fuel induction strategies. 

26.  

MPFI Systems, Speed density electronic multi point port fuel injection system (DJetronic).

27.  

Air mass flow meter system (L-Jetronic) and K-Jetronic systems.

28.  

Turbocharger, various systems and turbocharger controls.

29.  

GDI engine, Key technical features, Two-stage mixing.

30.  

Two-combustion modes, Compliance with emission standards.

31.  

Optical diagnostic techniques: Fundamentals of PIV, types of LASER. 

32.  

PIV working principle, components and general aspects, applications, advantages, 3D and holographic PIV.

33.  

Spray visualization, Phase Doppler interferometry for spray characterization.

34.  

Optical engine and engine endoscopy.

35.  

Exhaust gas emission analysis, FID and NDIR. 

36.  

Chemiluminescense technique, smoke opacity. 

37.  

Exhaust gas after-treatment, Three Way Catalysts, DOC.

38.

DPF, CRT.

39.

LNT and its working, LNT issues.

40.

Urea SCR catalyst system.

Recommended Text Books:

  1. Internal Combustion engine fundamentals: J B Heywood, Mc-Graw Hill Publications.

  2. Fundamentals of internal combustion engines: Gill, Smith and Ziurys, Oxford and IBH.

  3. The Internal combustion Engine in theory and practice: C F Taylor, MIT Press, Cambridge.

  4. Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution: E F Obert, Intext Educational Publishers, NY.

  5. Hydrogen Fuel for Surface Transportation: Joseph Norbeck, SAE Publications, 1996

  6. Alternative Fuels Guidebook, Properties, Storage, Dispensing, and Vehicle Facility Modifications, Richard L. Bechtold, SAE Publications 1997.

  7. Alternate Fuels, Reda Moh. Bata, SAE Publications, 1995.

  8. Alternative Cars in the 21st Century, Robert Q. Rile, SAE Publications 1994

  9. Fuels and Engines, J.C. Guibet, SAE Publications 1999.

  10. Emission from Combustion engines and their control, Patterson D J and Henein N A: Ann Arbor science publishers.

  11. Advanced Engine Technology: Heinz Heisler ISBN 0340568224, SAE Publications.
 

ME691A

ENGINE MANAGEMENT

Credits:

  

 

3-0-0-9
 

Course Summary:


Diesel Engine management: cylinder charge control systems, principles of diesel fuel injection, mixture distribution, diesel fuel injection systems, governors and control systems, discrete cylinder systems, single plunger fuel injection pumps, unit injector systems, and unit pump systems, common rail systems, injection nozzles, minimizing emissions inside the engine, electronic diesel control (EDC), electronic control unit (ECU); Gasoline Engine Management: cylinder charge control systems, manifold fuel injection, gasoline direct injection, operation of gasoline engine on natural gas, ignition system, inductive ignition systems, different types of sensors such as temperature sensors, engine speed sensors, hall effect phase sensors, hot film air mass sensors, piezoelectric knock sensor, high pressure sensor, lambda sensor, Electronic control unit, operating conditions, design and data processing.

Lecture wise Breakup


S. No.

Topic

1

Introduction

2

Diesel Engine management: cylinder charge control systems

3

Basic principle of diesel fuel injection

4

Mixture distribution

5

Fuel injection parameters 

6

Various designs and overview of diesel fuel injection systems-I

7

Various designs and overview of diesel fuel injection systems-II

8

Fuel supply system to the low pressure stage

9

Governors and control system for in-line fuel injection pumps-I

10

Governors and control system for in-line fuel injection pumps-II

11

Distributor fuel injection pump system –I

12

Distributor fuel injection pump system-II

13

Helix and port controlled distributor injection pumps-I

14

Helix and port controlled distributor injection pumps-II

15

Overview of discrete cylinder systems

16

Single plunger fuel injection pumps

17

Unit injector system, and unit pump system-I

18

Unit injector system, and unit pump system-II

19

Common rail system

20

Injection nozzles

21

Minimizing emissions inside the engine

22

Electronic diesel control (EDC)

23

Electronic control unit (ECU)

24

Gasoline Engine Management: cylinder charge control system

25

Fuels supply, manifold fuel injection

26

Gasoline direct injection 

27

Operation of gasoline engine on natural gas

28

Ignition system

29

Inductive ignition system

30

Ignition coils, spark plugs

31

Sensors: Basics and introduction, Temperature sensors

32

Hall Effect phase sensors, Engine speed sensors

33

Hot film air mass sensors

34

Piezo-electric knock sensor

35

Micro-mechanical pressure sensor

36

High pressure sensor

37

Two-step lambda sensor

38

Electronic control unit, operating conditions, design and data processing-I

39

Electronic control unit, operating conditions, design and data processing-II

40

Electronic control unit, operating conditions, design and data processing-III

Recommended Text Books:

  1. Internal Combustion engine fundamentals: J B Heywood, Mc-Graw Hill Publications, 1989.

  2. Gasoline Engine Management: Robert Bosch GMBH, 2005.

  3. Diesel Engine Management: Robert Bosch GMBH, 2005.

  4. Advanced Engine Technology: Heinz Heisler ISBN 0340568224, SAE Publications, 2004.

  5. Engine Combustion Instrumentation and Diagnostics: Hua Zhao, Nicolas Ladammatos, SAE International 2001

  6. Internal Combustion Engine Handbook (Basics, Components, Systems, and Perspectives), Richard Van Basshuysen and Fred Schafer, SAE International, 2004.

  7. Automotive Mechanics, William H Crousem Donald L Anglin, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.
 

ME701A

DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURE AND ASSEMBLY

Credits:

  

 

3-0-0-9
 

Course-Title:


Design for Manufacture and assembly

Course Number:


ME701A

Department:


Mechanical Engineering

Other interested faculty:


Dr. J. Ramkumar (ME), Dr. S. Bhattacharya (ME), Dr. V.K. Jain (ME)

Expected enrollment:


15-20 students

Pre requisites:


TA 202 or equivalent

Aimed at:


Advanced undergraduates and postgraduates

Other Departments:


Aerospace Engineering, Chemical Engineering. Civil Engineering. and Design Programme

Course description:


The success of a product in the market depends on many factors. These include cost, reliability and time to market. With globalization, companies need to devise techniques in order to remain competitive in the current scenario. To this end, design and manufacturing operations no longer function in isolation but have to interact closely. Design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) is a technique of integrated pro duct development process as opposed to the serial or "over the wall" philosophy. The advantages of implementing DFMA include reduced time-to- market, reduced number of subcomponents, enhancement in quality, and reduced product and process cost. DFMA has been applied successfully in many automobile, aerospace, telecommunications, medical equipment, and consumer products companies. The basic objective of this course is to acquaint the participants with the concepts of the pro duct design process and simultaneous engineering by integrating design for manufacturing and design for assembly to arrive at a good quality product in a cost effective way in less time. With consumers becoming environmentally conscious, design for environment will also be covered. Each module will cover relevant case studies during their discussion.


Course Contents


Module

Topic

No. of hours

1: Introduction

DFMA: overview

01

2: Pro duct design Process

Need identification and problem

01

 

definition Conceptual design

02

 

Embodiment design

02

3: Selection of materials and shapes

Overview of engineering materials

01

 

and standards for

 

 

materials selection Selection of materials

02

 

Introduction to limits, fits and tolerances

01

 

Selection of shapes

01

 

Co-selection of materials and shapes

02

4. Design For X

The concept of manufacturability

01

 

Limitations of manufacturing

01

 

Design of jigs and fixtures

01

 

Design for manufacturability

05

 

Design for assembly

05

 

Design for environment

01

5: Modeling and simulation

Mathematical modeling and

02

 

Finite element analysis

02

 

Simulation

02

 

Rapid prototyping

02

6: Design for reliability

Reliability theory and design for

02

 

Failure mode and effects analysis

01

 

Design for safety

01

 

Design for Quality

01

 

Design optimization

02
   

Total = 42

Reference Texts:

  1. G. Dieter, Engineering Design - a materials and processing approach, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, NY, 2009.

  2. G. Boothroyd, P. Dewhurst and W.  Knight, Product  design for manufacture and assembly, 3rd Edition, CRC Press, 2011.

  3. M. F. Ashby and K. Johnson, Materials and Design - the art and science of material selection in product design, ButterworthHeinemann, 2 003.

  4. 0. Molloy, S. T:lley and E.A. Warman, Design for manufacturing and assembly: Concepts, architectures anc implementation, Springer, 1998.

  5. David M. Anderson, Design for manufacturability and concurrent engineering; How to design for low cost, design in high quality, design for lean manufacture, and design quickly for fast production, CMC Press, 2004.

  6. Karl Ulrich and Steven Eppinger, Product design and development, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

  7. G. Pahl, W. Beitz and J. Feldhusen, Engineering design: A systematic approach, 3rc Edition, Springer, 2007.

  8. S. S. Rao, Enginering optimization: theory and practice, 4th Edition, John Wiley, NJ, 2009.
 

ME720A

THERMOMECHANICS OF DISSIPATING CONTINUA

Credits:

  

 

3-0-0-9
 

Consice Sylabus:


Introduction to the Course and Some Applications of Difference Equations in Engineering, Preliminaries in linear algebra and analysis, Analogies between differential and difference equations, Elementary Difference Operations: the Difference and the Shift operators, The Difference and Summation Calculus, Linear difference equations, First order equations, Higher Order Difference Equations, Linear difference equations with constant coefficients, Linear difference equations with variable coefficients, Method of undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters, Generating functions, The z-transform and its applications, Systems of Linear difference equations and applications, The Sturmian theory and Fourier techniques, Asymptotic methods, Limiting behavior of solutions, Nonlinear difference equations and boundary value problems, Stability theory and relevance to dynamical systems, Partial Difference Equations, Differential-difference equations, Discrete Mechanics, Open problems.

Lecture wise Breakup


I. Lectures 1-2:

  • Revision of continuum mechanics (kinematics, singular surfaces, compatibility)

II. Lectures 3-4:

  • Revision of continuum mechanics (balance laws, stress)

III. Lectures 5-6:

  • The first law of thermodynamics (energy, work, heat)

IV. Lectures 7-10:

  • The second law of thermodynamics (temperature, entropy, Clausius-Duhem inequality)

V. Lectures 11-13:

  • Constitutive theory (frame indifference, material symmetry, equilibrium response)

VI. Lectures 14-16:

  • Dynamic response (Onsager’s relations, dissipation potential, maximum dissipation principle)

VII. Lectures 17-19:

  • Thermodynamic equilibrium and stability

VIII. Lectures 20-23:

  • Rigid heat conductors (Fourier’s law, second sound, problems)

IX. Lectures 24-27:

  • Thermoelasticity (linearized response, boundary value problems in the decoupled theory)

X. Lectures 28-31:

  • Thermoplasticity (simple phenomenological models with work hardening, onedimensional problems, adiabatic shear bands)

XI. Lectures 32-33:

  • Thermodynamics of surfaces (Gibbs concept of excess quantities, surface energy, surface tension, surface stress, capillarity)

XII. Lectures 34-35:

  • Cahn-Hilliard type of theories for diffusive interfaces

XIII. Lectures 36-40:

  • Simple one-dimensional problems related to dynamic propagation of phase boundaries and adiabatic shock waves

References:

  1. The Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Continuous Media, M. Sˇilhavy ́, Springer, 1997.

  2. An Introduction to Thermomechanics, H. Ziegler, North-Holland, 1983.

  3. The Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Continua, M. E. Gurtin, E. Fried, and L. Anand, Cambridge, 2010.

  4. Theory of Thermal Stresses, B. A. Boley and J. H. Weiner, Dover, 1997.